Transport knowledge of hazardous chemicals: Classification of dangerous Goods

Classification of chemical dangerous goods:

(1) Explosives

Such articles are easy to burn and explode. When subjected to high heat, vibration, friction, impact and other external effects or contact with acid and alkali and other items, violent chemical reactions, produce a large number of gases and heat, at the same time gas rapid expansion and cause explosion. According to their nature, they are divided into four categories:

(1) Ignition equipment includes iso-fire rope, ignition rope, etc.;

(2) Initiation equipment including explosive cable, detonator, etc.;

(3) Explosives and explosive drugs include trinitrotoluene (TNT), crude oil explosive, black powder, ammonium nitrate explosive, sodium azide, etc.;

④ Other explosives include hunting rifles, fireworks and firecrackers (firecrackers).

(2) Oxidant

This kind of articles have strong oxidation properties, the specific varieties may conflict with each other. In addition to some organic oxidants, although they do not burn themselves, but under certain conditions, substances subjected to friction, shock, high heat or acid and alkali, when exposed to moisture, contact with flammable substances, organic matter, reducing agents and objects with conflicting properties, they can decompose, burn and explode. The properties of amine oxidants divide them into four categories:

① Primary inorganic oxidants include chlorate and perchlorate of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, etc.), peroxides (such as potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, etc.), and nitrate of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, etc.);

② Primary organic oxidants include organic derivatives of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid (such as benzoyl peroxide, guanidine nitrate, etc.);

(3) Secondary inorganic oxidants include dichromate, nitrite (such as ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite, etc.);

④ Secondary organic oxidants include peracetic acid and Nepeta oil.

For the sake of storage security, on the basis of the above classification of two levels of four items, then divided into seven sub-items:

Inorganic derivatives of hydrogen peroxide (such as potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, etc.);

Ethyl chlorate, bromate, iodate, periodate, perchlorate, etc.;

Propyl nitrate (ammonium nitrate single storage);

Permanganate and dichromate;

Pentylene nitrite;

Hexpersulfate and perborate;

Organic derivatives of hydrogen peroxide and organic derivatives of nitric acid.

(3) spontaneous combustion articles

Such articles in the appropriate temperature of the air, although not in contact with the open flame, rely on their own decomposition, oxidation and heating, to reach the combustion point, that can cause combustion. According to their nature is divided into two items:

(1) First grade spontaneous combustion articles in the air decomposition or intense oxidation, reaching the point of spontaneous combustion that can burn quickly (such as yellow phosphorus, nitrocellulose film, etc.);

(2) Secondary spontaneous combustion articles in the air slowly oxidation, accumulation of heat does not scatter, to achieve the spontaneous combustion point of the articles caused by spontaneous combustion (such as oilcloth and its products, oil paper and its products, oil silk and its products, vegetable oil soaked cotton, hemp, hair, silk and wild fibers, etc.).

(4) compressed gas and liquefied gas

The gas is compressed into compressed gas or liquefied gas and stored in a pressure vessel. Such items, regardless of their nature, have the characteristics of thermal expansion. If the internal pressure is greater than the pressure limit that the container can bear, or the container is damaged by impact, it can cause the risk of explosion and combustion. Some are toxic, according to their nature, divided into four:

① Highly toxic gases include hydrogen cyanide, liquid chlorine, liquid ammonia, etc.;

② Flammable gases include acetylene gas, ethane, hydrogen, etc.;

(3) combustion-supporting gas including oxygen;